一、项目概述
随着物联网的普及，如何让设备在本地自动响应环境变化、并能远程维护升级，成为常见需求。本文示例展示了一套基于 ESP8266 的解决方案，集成了：
- DHT11 温度传感：实时采集室内温度
- PIR 人体红外检测：监测区域内是否有人活动
- 继电器控制：根据环境条件（温度与是否有人）自动切换负载
- Web 界面：通过浏览器查看状态、手动开关继电器
- OTA 无线升级：后续固件更新无需连线，直接通过 Wi‑Fi 推送
二、核心功能拆解
1. 硬件与引脚配置
- DHT11：数据线接 D5，负责温度采样
- PIR（SR505/HC‑SR501）：输出接 D6，用于人体活动检测
- 继电器：控制脚接 D7，根据逻辑驱动外部电路
- 电源及 Wi‑Fi：模块以 5 V （VIN）供电，运行在 STA 模式，连入家庭网络
2. 自动控制逻辑
unsigned long lastMotionTime = 0;
const unsigned long detectionWindow = 0.5 * 60 * 1000UL; // 30 秒
// 每次检测到 PIR 输出高电平时，更新时间戳
if (digitalRead(PIRPIN)) {
lastMotionTime = millis();
}
// 读取温度
float newTemp = dht.readTemperature();
if (!isnan(newTemp)) temperature = newTemp;
// 根据“最后一次有人时间距今”与温度阈值决定继电器开关
if ((millis() - lastMotionTime) <= detectionWindow && temperature > 25.0) {
digitalWrite(RELAYPIN, HIGH); // 打开
} else {
digitalWrite(RELAYPIN, LOW); // 关闭
}
- 时间窗口：设为 0.5 分钟，保证只要有人经过的 30 秒内，且温度高于 25 ℃，继电器便处于“打开”状态。
- 温度保护：当温度低于阈值或无人离开超过窗口时自动关闭，避免长期开启。
3. 网页状态与手动控制
// 根路径：返回包含当前温度、继电器状态、上次检测到人时间的 HTML
server.on("/", handleRoot);
// /on 和 /off：通过 POST 请求手动打开/关闭继电器
server.on("/on", HTTP_POST, handleOn);
server.on("/off", HTTP_POST, handleOff);
- 页面上有“手动打开”“手动关闭”按钮，用户点击后触发相应处理函数，写入数字引脚状态。
- 同时提示“自动控制逻辑每 2 秒会再次评估”，保证本地传感逻辑的优先级。
4. OTA 无线升级
#include <ArduinoOTA.h>
ArduinoOTA.setHostname("esp8266-ota");
ArduinoOTA.onStart([]{ Serial.println("开始 OTA"); });
ArduinoOTA.onEnd( []{ Serial.println("OTA 完成"); });
ArduinoOTA.onError([](ota_error_t err){ /* 打印错误 */ });
ArduinoOTA.begin();
// 在 loop() 中
ArduinoOTA.handle();
- 首次烧录：需通过 USB 刷入上述代码，使设备具备 OTA 能力。
- 后续升级：Arduino IDE 会自动检测到局域网内的
esp8266-ota设备，选择网络端口即可直接上传，无需物理连线。
三、性能与应用场景
- 资源消耗：OTA 与 WebServer 仅占用少量 RAM (~10 KB) 与极短的 CPU 调度时间，对原有传感与控制逻辑影响可忽略。
- 典型场景：
- 智能风扇或排气扇：当室内有人且温度高于阈值时自动启动
- 室内通风控制：结合湿度传感或 CO₂ 传感模块扩展
- 远程运维：固件更新、阈值调整可在线完成
四、后续可扩展方向
- HTTPS OTA：使用加密传输，保护固件完整性
- MQTT 接入：与云平台对接，实现多设备管理与告警
- 阈值动态配置：把温度阈值、时间窗口等参数暴露在网页上动态修改
- 多传感融合：加入光照、空气质量等传感器，提高环境智能化水平
五、代码
第一次下载库：DHT sensor library（作者是 Adafruit）
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <ArduinoOTA.h>
#include <DHT.h>
// ===== WiFi 配置 =====
const char* ssid = "yang1234";
const char* password = "y123456789";
// ===== 引脚配置 =====
#define DHTPIN D5
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define PIRPIN D6
#define RELAYPIN D7
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
ESP8266WebServer server(80);
// ===== 控制变量 =====
const float temperatureThreshold = 25.0; // 温度阈值 (°C)
const unsigned long detectionWindow = 30 * 1000UL; // 30 秒窗口
const unsigned long checkInterval = 2000; // 检测间隔 (ms)
// ===== 状态变量 =====
unsigned long lastMotionTime = 0; // 上次有效触发时刻
unsigned long lastCheckTime = 0; // 上次逻辑检查时刻
float temperature = 0.0;
bool relayState = false;
bool lastRelayState = false;
// ===== 去抖参数 =====
static bool lastPirState = LOW;
static unsigned long lastPirTrigger = 0;
const unsigned long pirMinInterval = 1000; // 最少 1 秒内不重复触发
// ===== 网页处理 =====
void handleRoot() {
unsigned long secsSince = (millis() - lastMotionTime) / 1000;
String html = "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset='utf-8'><title>ESP8266 控制界面</title>"
"<style>body{font-family:sans-serif;}</style></head><body>";
html += "<h2>ESP8266 状态查看</h2>";
html += "<p><strong>当前温度：</strong>" + String(temperature,1) + " °C （> "
+ String(temperatureThreshold) + "°C 时自动开）</p>";
html += "<p><strong>距离上次检测到活动：</strong>" + String(secsSince)
+ " 秒 （需<=" + String(detectionWindow/1000) + " 秒才有效）</p>";
html += "<p><strong>继电器：</strong>" + String(relayState?"打开 ✅":"关闭 ⛔") + "</p>";
html += "<p><em>⚙️ 每 " + String(checkInterval/1000)
+ " 秒检测一次，满足两条件才开继电器</em></p>";
html += "</body></html>";
server.send(200, "text/html", html);
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
dht.begin();
pinMode(PIRPIN, INPUT); // 外部 10k 下拉
pinMode(RELAYPIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RELAYPIN, LOW); // 默认关闭
// 防止刚上电就触发
lastMotionTime = millis() - detectionWindow - 1;
// 连接 WiFi
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.print("连接 WiFi");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("\nWiFi 已连接，IP：" + WiFi.localIP().toString());
// OTA 配置
ArduinoOTA.setHostname("esp8266-ota");
ArduinoOTA.onStart([](){ Serial.println("开始 OTA"); });
ArduinoOTA.onEnd( [](){ Serial.println("\nOTA 完成，重启中"); });
ArduinoOTA.onError([](ota_error_t e){ Serial.printf("OTA 错误[%u]\n", e); });
ArduinoOTA.begin();
Serial.println("OTA 准备就绪");
// Web 服务器
server.on("/", handleRoot);
server.begin();
Serial.println("Web 服务器启动");
}
void loop() {
unsigned long now = millis();
ArduinoOTA.handle();
server.handleClient();
// 非阻塞定期检查
if (now - lastCheckTime < checkInterval) return;
lastCheckTime = now;
// —— PIR 上升沿 + 最小间隔去抖 ——
bool pir = digitalRead(PIRPIN);
if (pir && !lastPirState && (now - lastPirTrigger > pirMinInterval)) {
lastMotionTime = now;
lastPirTrigger = now;
Serial.println("👤 有效人体触发");
}
lastPirState = pir;
// —— 读取温度 ——
float t = dht.readTemperature();
if (!isnan(t)) {
temperature = t;
} else {
Serial.println("⚠️ 读取温度失败");
}
// —— 自动控制逻辑 ——
bool shouldOn = (now - lastMotionTime <= detectionWindow) && (temperature > temperatureThreshold);
if (shouldOn != relayState) {
relayState = shouldOn;
digitalWrite(RELAYPIN, relayState ? HIGH : LOW);
Serial.printf("%s 继电器\n", relayState ? "✅ 打开" : "⛔ 关闭");
}
}
esp32版本
// =======================================================================================
// == ESP32C3 智能风扇控制器 v3.7 (IPv6 & 续航显示增强/七日电量统计) ==
// =======================================================================================
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WebServer.h>
#include <Update.h>
#include <ESPmDNS.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_INA219.h>
#include <NTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>
#include <Preferences.h>
#include <esp_netif.h> // 新增: 用于IPv6地址获取
#include <arpa/inet.h> // 新增: 用于ntohl
// ============== 用户配置 ==============
const char* ssid = "yang1234";
const char* password = "y123456789";
const char* deviceName = "esp32-smart-fan";
const int WEB_SERVER_PORT = 15715; // 新增: Web服务器端口
// ============== 硬件引脚配置 ==============
const int PWM_PIN = 5;
const int TACH_PIN = 4;
const int RELAY_PIN = 1;
const int I2C_SDA_PIN = 10;
const int I2C_SCL_PIN = 8;
// ============== PWM/LEDC 配置 ==============
const int LEDC_FREQUENCY = 25000;
const int LEDC_RES_BITS = 8;
const int PWM_MAX = (1 << LEDC_RES_BITS) - 1;
const bool PWM_INVERTED = false;
// ============== RPM 采样配置 ==============
const int PULSES_PER_REV = 2;
const uint32_t MIN_PULSE_INTERVAL_US = 800;
const int MAX_REASONABLE_RPM = 15000;
// ============== 继电器与智能电源管理配置 ==============
const float VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD = 2.9;
const float VOLTAGE_HIGH_THRESHOLD = 4.2;
const long LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS = 3600000;
// ============== 时间与定时任务配置 ==============
const char* NTP_SERVER = "ntp.aliyun.com";
const long GMT_OFFSET_SEC = 8 * 3600;
WiFiUDP ntpUDP;
NTPClient timeClient(ntpUDP, NTP_SERVER, GMT_OFFSET_SEC);
struct TimerTask { int hour; int minute; bool action; bool enabled; };
TimerTask tasks[2] = { {0, 0, false, false}, {0, 0, false, false} };
// ============== 新增：电量统计配置 ==============
const int HISTORY_DAYS = 7; // 统计7天的数据
// ============== 全局对象与变量 ==============
WebServer server(WEB_SERVER_PORT);
Adafruit_INA219 ina219;
Preferences preferences;
volatile uint32_t pulseCount = 0;
volatile uint32_t lastPulseMicros = 0;
uint32_t lastRpmCalcMs = 0;
int fanSliderValue = 0;
int lastRpm = 0;
float loadVoltage = 0, current_mA = 0, power_mW = 0;
float lockoutTriggerVoltage = 0.0;
long lastRunDurationMinutes = 0;
unsigned long lastRunStartTime = 0;
char lockoutStopTime[6] = "--:--";
bool ina219_ok = false;
bool relayState = false;
bool isLockedOut = false;
unsigned long lockoutStartTime = 0;
// 电量统计相关变量
float dailyEnergyWh[HISTORY_DAYS] = {0};
float todayEnergyWh = 0;
unsigned long lastEnergyCalcMs = 0;
int lastDayChecked = -1;
// ============== 中断：测速脉冲计数 ==============
void IRAM_ATTR tachISR() {
uint32_t now = micros();
if (now - lastPulseMicros >= MIN_PULSE_INTERVAL_US) {
pulseCount++;
lastPulseMicros = now;
}
}
// ============== RPM 计算 ==============
int computeRPM() {
uint32_t now = millis();
uint32_t elapsed = now - lastRpmCalcMs;
if (elapsed < 1000) return -1;
noInterrupts();
uint32_t pulses = pulseCount;
pulseCount = 0;
interrupts();
lastRpmCalcMs = now;
if (elapsed == 0) return 0;
uint32_t rpm = (uint32_t)((uint64_t)pulses * 60000ULL / (elapsed * PULSES_PER_REV));
if (rpm > MAX_REASONABLE_RPM) return lastRpm;
lastRpm = (int)rpm;
return lastRpm;
}
// ============== INA219 数据采样 ==============
void sampleINA219() {
if (!ina219_ok) return;
loadVoltage = ina219.getBusVoltage_V() + (ina219.getShuntVoltage_mV() / 1000.0);
current_mA = ina219.getCurrent_mA();
power_mW = ina219.getPower_mW();
}
// ============== 继电器控制 ==============
void setRelay(bool state, bool manualOverride = false) {
if (isLockedOut && state == true && manualOverride) {
Serial.println("!!! 管理员手动覆盖低压锁定 !!!");
isLockedOut = false;
}
if (isLockedOut && state == true) {
Serial.println("继电器处于锁定状态，自动开启请求被拒绝。");
return;
}
if (state == true && relayState == false) {
lastRunStartTime = millis();
}
relayState = state;
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, relayState ? HIGH : LOW);
Serial.printf("继电器 (Pin %d) 已设置为: %s\n", RELAY_PIN, relayState ? "ON (HIGH)" : "OFF (LOW)");
}
// ============== 网页 (HTML+CSS+JS) ==============
const char MAIN_HTML[] PROGMEM = R"HTML(
<!doctype html><html lang="zh-CN"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>ESP32 智能风扇控制</title><style>:root{--bg:#0f172a;--card:#111827;--text:#e5e7eb;--accent:#22c55e;--muted:#94a3b8;--red:#ef4444;--blue:#3b82f6;}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,Segoe UI,Roboto,Ubuntu,'Helvetica Neue',Arial}.wrapper{min-height:100vh;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0f172a,#1f2937);color:var(--text);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:18px}.container{width:100%;max-width:600px}.card{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#0b1220,#0b1220) padding-box,linear-gradient(135deg,#22c55e33,#06b6d433) border-box;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:16px;padding:20px;margin:14px 0;box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,.35)}h1,h2{margin:0 0 12px}h1{text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:22px}h2{font-size:18px;color:#d1d5db}.label{margin:8px 0 6px;font-weight:600}.value{font-feature-settings:'tnum' 1;letter-spacing:.3px}.slider{width:100%}.grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(120px,1fr));gap:12px;text-align:center}.data-box{padding:10px;border-radius:8px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.data-box .val{font-size:1.8em;color:var(--accent)}.data-box .unit{color:var(--muted);font-size:0.9em}small{color:var(--muted)}.btn{background:var(--accent);border:none;color:#052e13;padding:12px 18px;border-radius:10px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(34,197,94,.35)}.btn.off{background:var(--red);color:#fff}.btn:hover{filter:brightness(1.05)}input[type=file]{color:var(--text)}pre{white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word}.timer-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:10px 0}input[type=time],input[type=checkbox]{margin-right:5px}.chart-container{padding-top:10px}.chart{display:flex;justify-content:space-around;align-items:flex-end;height:120px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--muted)}.chart-bar{width:11%;background:linear-gradient(to top,var(--accent),#6ee7b7);border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;position:relative;transition:height .3s ease-in-out}.chart-bar .value{position:absolute;top:-20px;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);font-size:.8em;color:var(--text)}.chart-labels{display:flex;justify-content:space-around;font-size:.8em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:5px}.chart-labels div{width:11%;text-align:center}</style></head><body><div class="wrapper"><div class="container"><div class="card"><h1>ESP32 智能风扇控制面板</h1><div class="label">当前时间: <span id="currentTime">--:--:--</span></div><div id="lockoutStatus" style="color:var(--red);margin-bottom:10px;display:none"></div><div class="grid"><div class="data-box"><div>转速 (RPM)</div><div class="val" id="rpm">--</div><div class="unit"> </div></div><div class="data-box"><div>电压 (V)</div><div class="val" id="v">--</div><div class="unit"> </div></div><div class="data-box"><div>电流 (mA)</div><div class="val" id="c">--</div><div class="unit"> </div></div><div class="data-box"><div>功率 (mW)</div><div class="val" id="p">--</div><div class="unit"> </div></div></div></div><div class="card"><h2>手动控制</h2><div class="label">风扇调速: <span id="spd" class="value">--</span></div><input id="speed" class="slider" type="range" min="0" max="255" value="0"/>
<small id="auto_relay_info" style="display:block; text-align:center; margin-top:10px;">读取设定值...</small>
<div style="margin-top:20px;display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:15px"><button id="relayBtn" class="btn">读取状态...</button></div></div><div class="card"><h2>定时任务</h2><div class="timer-row"><input type="checkbox" id="t1_en"><input type="time" id="t1_time"><select id="t1_act"><option value="1">开启</option><option value="0">关闭</option></select></div><div class="timer-row"><input type="checkbox" id="t2_en"><input type="time" id="t2_time"><select id="t2_act"><option value="1">开启</option><option value="0">关闭</option></select></div><button id="saveTimerBtn" class="btn" style="background:var(--blue);margin-top:10px">保存定时设置</button></div><div class="card"><h2>系统信息</h2><div id="sys">加载中...</div></div><div class="card"><h2>固件在线更新 OTA</h2><form method="POST" action="/update" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="file" name="update" accept=".bin,.bin.gz"/><br/><br/><button class="btn" type="submit">上传并更新</button></form></div>
<div class="card"><h2>七天电量统计 (Wh)</h2><div class="chart-container"><div class="chart" id="powerChart"></div><div class="chart-labels" id="powerChartLabels"></div></div></div></div></div>
<script>
const spd=document.getElementById('spd'),rpm=document.getElementById('rpm'),slider=document.getElementById('speed'),sys=document.getElementById('sys'),v_el=document.getElementById('v'),c_el=document.getElementById('c'),p_el=document.getElementById('p'),relayBtn=document.getElementById('relayBtn'),lockoutEl=document.getElementById('lockoutStatus'),timeEl=document.getElementById('currentTime'),autoInfoEl=document.getElementById('auto_relay_info'),powerChartEl=document.getElementById('powerChart'),powerChartLabelsEl=document.getElementById('powerChartLabels');
function setLabel(v){const p=Math.round(v/255*100);spd.textContent=v+' ('+p+'%)'}
function fetchJson(url,options){return fetch(url,options).then(r=>{if(!r.ok)throw new Error('Network error');return r.json()})}
function updatePowerChart(){fetchJson('/getPowerStats').then(data=>{const values=[data.today,...data.history.slice(0,6)];const maxVal=Math.max(...values,0.1);let chartHTML='';for(const val of values){const height=(val/maxVal)*100;chartHTML+=`<div class="chart-bar" style="height:${height}%"><div class="value">${val.toFixed(2)}</div></div>`}
powerChartEl.innerHTML=chartHTML;const labels=["今天","昨天","前天","3天前","4天前","5天前","6天前"];let labelsHTML='';for(const label of labels){labelsHTML+=`<div>${label}</div>`}
powerChartLabelsEl.innerHTML=labelsHTML;}).catch(e=>console.error('Power chart update failed:',e))}
slider.addEventListener('input',()=>{const v=slider.value;setLabel(v);fetch('/setSpeed?value='+v).catch(e=>console.error(e))});
relayBtn.addEventListener('click',()=>{const newState=!relayBtn.classList.contains('off');fetch('/setRelay?state='+(newState?'1':'0')).then(()=>{updateRelayBtn(newState)})});
function updateRelayBtn(state){if(state){relayBtn.textContent='关闭继电器';relayBtn.classList.add('off')}else{relayBtn.textContent='开启继电器';relayBtn.classList.remove('off')}}
function saveTimers(){const data=new FormData();data.append('t1_en',document.getElementById('t1_en').checked?'1':'0');data.append('t1_time',document.getElementById('t1_time').value);data.append('t1_act',document.getElementById('t1_act').value);data.append('t2_en',document.getElementById('t2_en').checked?'1':'0');data.append('t2_time',document.getElementById('t2_time').value);data.append('t2_act',document.getElementById('t2_act').value);fetch('/setTimers',{method:'POST',body:data}).then(r=>alert(r.ok?'定时任务已保存':'保存失败')).catch(e=>alert('保存出错'));}
document.getElementById('saveTimerBtn').addEventListener('click',saveTimers);
window.addEventListener('load',()=>{fetchJson('/getStatus').then(data=>{slider.value=data.speed;setLabel(data.speed);updateRelayBtn(data.relay);document.getElementById('t1_en').checked=data.tasks[0].enabled;document.getElementById('t1_time').value=String(data.tasks[0].hour).padStart(2,'0')+':'+String(data.tasks[0].minute).padStart(2,'0');document.getElementById('t1_act').value=data.tasks[0].action?'1':'0';document.getElementById('t2_en').checked=data.tasks[1].enabled;document.getElementById('t2_time').value=String(data.tasks[1].hour).padStart(2,'0')+':'+String(data.tasks[1].minute).padStart(2,'0');document.getElementById('t2_act').value=data.tasks[1].action?'1':'0';if(data.high_voltage_threshold>0){autoInfoEl.textContent=`自动模式: 低于 ${data.low_voltage_threshold.toFixed(1)}V 关闭，高于 ${data.high_voltage_threshold.toFixed(1)}V 开启 (保护后锁定1小时)。`}
else{autoInfoEl.textContent=`自动启动已禁用。仅启用低于 ${data.low_voltage_threshold.toFixed(1)}V 的低压保护。`}}).catch(e=>console.error(e));updatePowerChart();});
setInterval(()=>{fetchJson('/getData').then(data=>{rpm.textContent=data.rpm;v_el.textContent=data.voltage.toFixed(2);c_el.textContent=data.current.toFixed(1);p_el.textContent=data.power.toFixed(0);timeEl.textContent=data.time;if(data.lockout){lockoutEl.style.display='block';lockoutEl.textContent='低压保护 ('+data.lockout_trigger_v.toFixed(2)+'V)! 上次运行 '+data.last_run_duration+' 分钟 (停止于 '+data.lockout_stop_time+')。继电器已锁定, 剩余: '+data.lockout_rem+' 分钟';}else{lockoutEl.style.display='none';}
updateRelayBtn(data.relay);}).catch(e=>console.error(e));fetchJson('/sysinfo').then(info=>{sys.innerHTML=`芯片: ${info.chip_model} (rev ${info.chip_rev})<br>CPU: ${info.cpu_freq_mhz} MHz<br>空闲内存: ${info.free_heap} B<br>IPv4: ${info.ip}<br>IPv6: ${info.ipv6}`}).catch(e=>console.error(e));},1500);
setInterval(updatePowerChart,60000);
</script></body></html>
)HTML";
// ============== IPv6 地址获取函数 ==============
/**
* @brief 手动将底层的 esp_ip6_addr_t 结构体格式化为人类可读的字符串。
* @param addr 指向IPv6地址结构体的指针。
* @return 格式化后的IPv6地址字符串。
*/
String formatIPv6(const esp_ip6_addr_t *addr) {
if (addr == nullptr) {
return String("::");
}
char buf[40];
// ESP32是小端序，网络字节序是大端序，需要转换才能正确拼接。
uint32_t word0 = ntohl(addr->addr[0]);
uint32_t word1 = ntohl(addr->addr[1]);
uint32_t word2 = ntohl(addr->addr[2]);
uint32_t word3 = ntohl(addr->addr[3]);
// 使用 snprintf 安全地将4个32位整数格式化为8个16位的十六进制数
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x:%04x",
(uint16_t)(word0 >> 16),
(uint16_t)(word0 & 0xFFFF),
(uint16_t)(word1 >> 16),
(uint16_t)(word1 & 0xFFFF),
(uint16_t)(word2 >> 16),
(uint16_t)(word2 & 0xFFFF),
(uint16_t)(word3 >> 16),
(uint16_t)(word3 & 0xFFFF)
);
return String(buf);
}
/**
* @brief 获取设备的IPv6地址。
* @return 返回IPv6地址字符串。如果获取失败，则返回 "Not Available"。
*/
String getIPv6() {
// 获取WiFi STA网络接口的句柄
esp_netif_t *netif = esp_netif_get_handle_from_ifkey("WIFI_STA_DEF");
if (!netif) return String("Not Available");
esp_ip6_addr_t addr;
// 优先尝试获取全局IPv6地址 (2000::/3)，这是公网可路由的
if (esp_netif_get_ip6_global(netif, &addr) == ESP_OK) {
// 检查地址是否不为全0
if (addr.addr[0] != 0 || addr.addr[1] != 0 || addr.addr[2] != 0 || addr.addr[3] != 0) {
return formatIPv6(&addr); // 使用我们的手动格式化函数
}
}
// 如果没有全局地址，则获取本地链路地址 (fe80::/10)，仅在局域网内有效
if (esp_netif_get_ip6_linklocal(netif, &addr) == ESP_OK) {
if (addr.addr[0] != 0 || addr.addr[1] != 0 || addr.addr[2] != 0 || addr.addr[3] != 0) {
return formatIPv6(&addr); // 使用我们的手动格式化函数
}
}
return String("Not Available");
}
// ============== 路由处理函数 ==============
void handleGetData() {
int currentRpm = computeRPM();
sampleINA219();
timeClient.update();
String json = "{";
json += "\"rpm\":" + String(currentRpm < 0 ? lastRpm : currentRpm) + ",";
json += "\"voltage\":" + String(loadVoltage) + ",";
json += "\"current\":" + String(current_mA) + ",";
json += "\"power\":" + String(power_mW) + ",";
json += "\"relay\":" + String(relayState ? "true" : "false") + ",";
json += "\"lockout\":" + String(isLockedOut ? "true" : "false") + ",";
json += "\"lockout_trigger_v\":" + String(lockoutTriggerVoltage) + ",";
json += "\"last_run_duration\":" + String(lastRunDurationMinutes) + ",";
json += "\"lockout_stop_time\":\"" + String(lockoutStopTime) + "\",";
if(isLockedOut) {
long remaining_ms = LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS - (millis() - lockoutStartTime);
json += "\"lockout_rem\":" + String(remaining_ms / 60000) + ",";
} else {
json += "\"lockout_rem\":0,";
}
json += "\"time\":\"" + timeClient.getFormattedTime() + "\"";
json += "}";
server.send(200, "application/json", json);
}
void handleGetStatus() {
String json = "{";
json += "\"speed\":" + String(fanSliderValue) + ",";
json += "\"relay\":" + String(relayState ? "true" : "false") + ",";
json += "\"tasks\":[";
for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
json += "{\"enabled\":" + String(tasks[i].enabled?"true":"false");
json += ",\"hour\":" + String(tasks[i].hour);
json += ",\"minute\":" + String(tasks[i].minute);
json += ",\"action\":" + String(tasks[i].action?"true":"false") + "}";
if(i==0) json += ",";
}
json += "],";
json += "\"low_voltage_threshold\":" + String(VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD) + ",";
json += "\"high_voltage_threshold\":" + String(VOLTAGE_HIGH_THRESHOLD);
json += "}";
server.send(200, "application/json", json);
}
void handleGetPowerStats() {
String json = "{\"today\": " + String(todayEnergyWh, 4) + ", \"history\": [";
for(int i=0; i < HISTORY_DAYS; i++){
json += String(dailyEnergyWh[i], 4);
if(i < HISTORY_DAYS - 1) json += ",";
}
json += "]}";
server.send(200, "application/json", json);
}
void handleRoot() { server.send(200, "text/html; charset=UTF-8", MAIN_HTML); }
void handleSetSpeed() {
if (server.hasArg("value")) {
fanSliderValue = server.arg("value").toInt();
int fanDuty = PWM_INVERTED ? (PWM_MAX - fanSliderValue) : fanSliderValue;
ledcWrite(PWM_PIN, fanDuty);
server.send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
} else { server.send(400, "text/plain", "Bad Request"); }
}
void handleSetRelay() {
if (server.hasArg("state")) {
bool newState = server.arg("state").toInt() == 1;
setRelay(newState, true);
server.send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
} else { server.send(400, "text/plain", "Bad Request"); }
}
void handleSetTimers() {
for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
String en_str = "t" + String(i+1) + "_en";
String time_str = "t" + String(i+1) + "_time";
String act_str = "t" + String(i+1) + "_act";
if(server.hasArg(en_str) && server.hasArg(time_str) && server.hasArg(act_str)){
tasks[i].enabled = server.arg(en_str) == "1";
String timeVal = server.arg(time_str);
tasks[i].hour = timeVal.substring(0,2).toInt();
tasks[i].minute = timeVal.substring(3,5).toInt();
tasks[i].action = server.arg(act_str) == "1";
Serial.printf("定时任务 %d: %s, %02d:%02d, Action: %s\n", i+1, tasks[i].enabled?"启用":"禁用", tasks[i].hour, tasks[i].minute, tasks[i].action?"ON":"OFF");
}
}
server.send(200, "text/plain", "Timers Saved");
}
String getSystemInfoJSON() {
String j = "{";
j += "\"chip_model\":\"" + String(ESP.getChipModel()) + "\",";
j += "\"chip_rev\":" + String(ESP.getChipRevision()) + ",";
j += "\"cpu_freq_mhz\":" + String(ESP.getCpuFreqMHz()) + ",";
j += "\"free_heap\":" + String(ESP.getFreeHeap()) + ",";
j += "\"ip\":\"" + WiFi.localIP().toString() + "\",";
j += "\"ipv6\":\"" + getIPv6() + "\"";
j += "}";
return j;
}
void handleSysInfo() { server.send(200, "application/json", getSystemInfoJSON()); }
// 新增: 处理IPv6地址请求的路由
void handleGetIPv6() {
String json = "{\"ipv6\":\"" + getIPv6() + "\"}";
server.send(200, "application/json", json);
}
void handleUpdateUpload() {
HTTPUpload& upload = server.upload();
switch(upload.status) {
case UPLOAD_FILE_START:
if (!Update.begin(UPDATE_SIZE_UNKNOWN)) Update.printError(Serial);
break;
case UPLOAD_FILE_WRITE:
if (Update.write(upload.buf, upload.currentSize) != upload.currentSize) Update.printError(Serial);
break;
case UPLOAD_FILE_END:
if (!Update.end(true)) Update.printError(Serial);
break;
}
yield();
}
// ============== 定时任务检查 ==============
void checkTimers() {
timeClient.update();
int currentHour = timeClient.getHours();
int currentMinute = timeClient.getMinutes();
for(int i=0; i<2; i++){
if(tasks[i].enabled && tasks[i].hour == currentHour && tasks[i].minute == currentMinute) {
if(relayState != tasks[i].action) {
Serial.printf("执行定时任务 %d: %s\n", i+1, tasks[i].action?"开启":"关闭");
setRelay(tasks[i].action);
}
}
}
}
// ============== 智能电源管理逻辑 ==============
void checkVoltageProtection() {
if (!ina219_ok) return;
if (isLockedOut) {
if (millis() - lockoutStartTime >= LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS) {
Serial.println("锁定时间已到，正在检查电压以尝试自动恢复...");
sampleINA219();
if (loadVoltage >= VOLTAGE_HIGH_THRESHOLD) {
Serial.printf("电压已恢复至安全水平 (%.2fV > %.2fV)。自动重新开启继电器。\n", loadVoltage, VOLTAGE_HIGH_THRESHOLD);
isLockedOut = false;
setRelay(true);
} else {
Serial.printf("电压仍然不足 (%.2fV)。解除锁定，但继电器保持关闭，等待手动操作或充电。\n", loadVoltage);
isLockedOut = false;
}
}
return;
}
if (!relayState && VOLTAGE_HIGH_THRESHOLD > 0) {
sampleINA219();
if (loadVoltage >= VOLTAGE_HIGH_THRESHOLD) {
Serial.printf("检测到高电压 (%.2fV)，自动开启继电器。\n", loadVoltage);
setRelay(true);
}
}
if (relayState) {
sampleINA219();
if (loadVoltage > 0.1 && loadVoltage < VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD) {
Serial.printf("!!! 触发低压保护: V=%.2fV (阈值: %.2fV)\n", loadVoltage, VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD);
timeClient.update();
String formattedTime = timeClient.getFormattedTime();
snprintf(lockoutStopTime, 6, "%s", formattedTime.substring(0, 5).c_str());
unsigned long lastRunDurationMs = millis() - lastRunStartTime;
lastRunDurationMinutes = lastRunDurationMs / 60000;
Serial.printf("!!! 上次运行了 %ld 分钟。停止于 %s\n", lastRunDurationMinutes, lockoutStopTime);
Serial.println("!!! 继电器将关闭并锁定1小时。");
isLockedOut = true;
lockoutStartTime = millis();
lockoutTriggerVoltage = loadVoltage;
setRelay(false);
}
}
}
// ============== 电量计算与存储逻辑 ==============
void accumulateEnergy() {
if (!relayState || !ina219_ok) {
lastEnergyCalcMs = millis();
return;
}
unsigned long now = millis();
unsigned long elapsedMs = now - lastEnergyCalcMs;
if (elapsedMs > 0) {
double elapsedHours = (double)elapsedMs / 3600000.0;
double powerWatts = (double)power_mW / 1000.0;
todayEnergyWh += powerWatts * elapsedHours;
}
lastEnergyCalcMs = now;
}
void checkDailyRollover() {
timeClient.update();
int currentDay = timeClient.getDay();
if (lastDayChecked == -1) {
lastDayChecked = currentDay;
preferences.putInt("lastDay", lastDayChecked);
return;
}
if (lastDayChecked != currentDay) {
Serial.printf("检测到日期变更 (从 %d 到 %d)。正在处理电量数据...\n", lastDayChecked, currentDay);
for (int i = HISTORY_DAYS - 1; i > 0; i--) {
dailyEnergyWh[i] = dailyEnergyWh[i - 1];
}
dailyEnergyWh[0] = todayEnergyWh;
char key[10];
for (int i = 0; i < HISTORY_DAYS; i++) {
sprintf(key, "dayWh_%d", i);
preferences.putFloat(key, dailyEnergyWh[i]);
}
todayEnergyWh = 0.0;
lastDayChecked = currentDay;
preferences.putFloat("todayWh", todayEnergyWh);
preferences.putInt("lastDay", lastDayChecked);
Serial.println("电量数据处理完毕。");
}
}
// ============== SETUP ==============
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(100);
Serial.println("\n\n===== ESP32C3 智能风扇控制器 v3.7 (IPv6 & 续航显示增强/七日电量统计) =====");
preferences.begin("fan-stats", false);
Serial.println("--- 硬件初始化开始 ---");
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
setRelay(false);
Serial.printf("[OK] 继电器引脚 %d 初始化完成，默认关闭。\n", RELAY_PIN);
ledcAttach(PWM_PIN, LEDC_FREQUENCY, LEDC_RES_BITS);
ledcWrite(PWM_PIN, PWM_INVERTED ? PWM_MAX : 0);
Serial.printf("[OK] PWM 引脚 %d 初始化完成。\n", PWM_PIN);
pinMode(TACH_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(TACH_PIN), tachISR, FALLING);
Serial.printf("[OK] 测速引脚 %d (中断) 初始化完成。\n", TACH_PIN);
Wire.begin(I2C_SDA_PIN, I2C_SCL_PIN);
if (!ina219.begin()) {
Serial.println("[!!] 硬件错误: 未能找到INA219芯片。请检查接线！");
ina219_ok = false;
} else {
Serial.println("[OK] INA219 通信成功。");
ina219.setCalibration_32V_2A();
ina219_ok = true;
}
Serial.println("--- 硬件初始化结束 ---\n");
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.setHostname(deviceName);
WiFi.enableIPv6(); // 启用IPv6功能
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
Serial.print("连接 Wi-Fi");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(400); Serial.print("."); }
Serial.println("\n[OK] WiFi 已连接!");
Serial.print("IPv4 地址: "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
Serial.print("IPv6 地址: "); Serial.println(getIPv6());
timeClient.begin();
timeClient.update();
Serial.println("[OK] NTP 时间服务已启动。");
// 加载电量统计数据
lastDayChecked = preferences.getInt("lastDay", -1);
int currentDay = timeClient.getDay();
if (lastDayChecked == currentDay) {
todayEnergyWh = preferences.getFloat("todayWh", 0.0);
} else {
todayEnergyWh = 0.0;
}
char key[10];
for (int i = 0; i < HISTORY_DAYS; i++) {
sprintf(key, "dayWh_%d", i);
dailyEnergyWh[i] = preferences.getFloat(key, 0.0);
}
Serial.println("[OK] 电量统计数据已加载。");
if (MDNS.begin(deviceName)) {
MDNS.addService("http", "tcp", WEB_SERVER_PORT);
Serial.printf("[OK] mDNS 已启动，访问地址: http://%s.local:%d\n", deviceName, WEB_SERVER_PORT);
}
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, handleRoot);
server.on("/getData", HTTP_GET, handleGetData);
server.on("/getStatus", HTTP_GET, handleGetStatus);
server.on("/getPowerStats", HTTP_GET, handleGetPowerStats);
server.on("/setSpeed", HTTP_GET, handleSetSpeed);
server.on("/setRelay", HTTP_GET, handleSetRelay);
server.on("/setTimers", HTTP_POST, handleSetTimers);
server.on("/sysinfo", HTTP_GET, handleSysInfo);
server.on("/ipv6", HTTP_GET, handleGetIPv6); // 新增IPv6 API
server.on("/update", HTTP_POST, []() {
server.sendHeader("Connection", "close");
server.send(200, "text/plain", (Update.hasError()) ? "更新失败" : "更新成功!");
delay(1000);
ESP.restart();
}, handleUpdateUpload);
server.begin();
Serial.printf("[OK] HTTP 服务器已在端口 %d 启动。\n========================================\n", WEB_SERVER_PORT);
lastEnergyCalcMs = millis();
}
// ============== LOOP ==============
void loop() {
server.handleClient();
static unsigned long lastTimerCheck = 0;
static unsigned long lastVoltageCheck = 0;
static unsigned long lastDataSave = 0;
accumulateEnergy();
if (millis() - lastVoltageCheck > 5000) {
lastVoltageCheck = millis();
checkVoltageProtection();
}
if (millis() - lastTimerCheck > 30000) {
lastTimerCheck = millis();
checkDailyRollover();
checkTimers();
}
if (millis() - lastDataSave > 60000) { // 每分钟保存一次当天电量
lastDataSave = millis();
preferences.putFloat("todayWh", todayEnergyWh);
}
}
控制线路
| ESP32-C3 引脚 | 连接到 | 设备/模块 | 功能描述 |
|---|---|---|---|
| VIN/5V | ---> | 继电器模块 VCC | 为继电器提供 5V 工作电源 |
| GND | ---> | 继电器模块 GND | 公共地线 |
| GPIO 1 | ---> | 继电器模块 IN | 控制继电器开关 |
| 3V3 | ---> | INA219 VCC | 为 INA219 传感器供电 |
| GND | ---> | INA219 GND | 公共地线 |
| GPIO 8 (SCL) | ---> | INA219 SCL | I2C 时钟线 |
| GPIO 10 (SDA) | ---> | INA219 SDA | I2C 数据线 |
| GPIO 5 | ---> | 风扇 PWM 线 | PWM 调速信号 |
| GPIO 4 | ---> | 风扇 Tach (测速) 线 | 读取风扇转速脉冲 |
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